Chemical composition, physical properties, and immunomodulating study of mares milk of the Adaev horse breed from Kazakhstan
Kossaliyeva G. Rysbekuly K. Zhaparkulova K. Kozykan S. Li J. Serikbayeva A. Shynykul Z. Zhaparkulova M. Yessimsiitova Z.
2025Frontiers Media SA
Frontiers in Nutrition
2025#12
Mares milk is recognized for its nutritional and immunomodulatory properties, making it a promising functional food. Furthermore, mares milk is characterized by anti-carcinogenic and antiviral attributes, which have incited considerable scientific inquiry. This study investigates the chemical composition, immune-modulating effects, and physiological impact of Adaev horse milk supplementation in a Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected Wistar rat model. Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups: a control group (GC-1) receiving standard chow, a low-dose supplementation group (LDM-2) receiving 0.1 g of lyophilized mares milk, and a high-dose group (HDM-3) receiving 1.5 g of lyophilized mares milk. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that Adaev horse milk is rich in whey proteins and has lower casein content, enhancing protein digestibility and bioavailability. HILIC-MS identified key sialylated oligosaccharides [lactose, 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL), 6′-sialyllactose (6′SL), 3′-α-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (3′SLN), sialyllacto-N-tetraose a (LSTa), sialyllacto-N-tetraose b (LSTb), and sialyllacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc)], suggesting potential prebiotic and immunomodulatory effects. Blood serum analysis demonstrated increased total protein levels in supplemented groups, with significant alterations in albumin/globulin ratios, creatinine, and enzyme activity. Histological examination of lung tissues indicated that high-dose supplementation reduced inflammatory damage, improved tissue integrity, and enhanced immune recovery. These findings suggest that Adaev horse milk supplementation modulates immune responses, improves metabolic and hematological parameters, and mitigates pneumonia-induced tissue damage, highlighting its potential as a functional dietary supplement with immunotherapeutic benefits. Copyright
chemical composition , histology , immunomodulating properties , mares milk , physical properties
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College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang, China
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of the Technology of Food Products and Food Safety, Faculty of the Zooengineering and Food Production Technology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Pulmonary Therapy Department, National Scientific Center of Phthisiopulmonology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department Biodiversity and Bioresources, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
College of Food Science and Engineering
Department of Biotechnology
School of Pharmacy
Department of the Technology of Food Products and Food Safety
Higher School of Medicine
Pulmonary Therapy Department
Department Biodiversity and Bioresources
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