The Role of Lysine Tyrosylquinone Containing Oxidases in Progression of Solid Tumors
Korneenko T.V. Pestov N.B. Barlev N.A.
June 2025IMR Press Limited
Frontiers in Bioscience - Landmark
2025#30Issue 6
Lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ), the cofactor formed through copper-assisted tyrosine oxidation and subsequent intramolecular crosslinking, is inherent in all members of the lysyl oxidase family. Lysyl oxidases are unique among amine oxidases in that they maintain the LTQ coenzyme in a relatively surface-exposed position, making it accessible for the oxidative deamination of lysine side chains in various proteins, especially in the extracellular matrix. This process facilitates the formation of intramolecular cross-links, which are vital for the normal development of skin, bones, aorta, and other tissues. Unfortunately, in accordance with the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging, the enzyme activity that is essential in youth may become non-optimal throughout the lifespan. One consequence of excessive lysyl oxidase and its ectopic activity in the nucleus is the promotion of stiffness in solid tumors and increased survival of metastasizing cells. Therefore, LTQ-dependent oxidative deamination, especially at the stage of LTQ formation, is a promising druggable target for future combination therapies aimed at treating the most lethal cancers.
amine oxidase , cancer , copper , desmoplasia , extracellular matrix , lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ) , lysyl oxidase , metastasis , nuclear transport , zinc
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Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, 108819, Russian Federation
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 01000, Kazakhstan
Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes
Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics
Department of Biomedical Sciences
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