Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating Measurements During Laser Ablation of Hepatic Tissues: Quasi-Distributed Temperature Reconstruction and Cladding Mode Resonances Analysis
Korganbayev S. De Landro M. Wolf A. Tosi D. Saccomandi P.
15 August 2022Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
IEEE Sensors Journal
2022#22Issue 1615999 - 16007 pp.
In this work, we investigate the application of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensors during ex vivo laser ablation of porcine hepatic tissues. Initially, TFBGs ability to measure the surrounding refractive index (RI) for different sucrose concentrations and the possibility to measure the RI of the targeted tissue during laser ablation (LA) is analyzed. After, the temperature sensing modality of TFBG is investigated in detail. We have implemented an algorithm for quasi-distributed spatial temperature profile reconstruction along TFBG. The algorithm models the TFBG core mode spectrum as a chain of Bragg gratings (each Bragg grating is modeled via coupled mode theory), where each grating is sensitive to local temperature changes. After, the Gaussian-shape temperature profile along the TFBG is reconstructed using the iterative optimization technique. Temperature measurements have been compared with highly-dense FBG array measurements and with conventional TFBG point temperature measurements based on the core mode tracking techniques (maximum tracking, X-dB Bandwidth, centroid methods). Overall, the proposed reconstruction algorithm is able to provide a quasi-distributed temperature profile along TFBG, which is not possible to obtain using conventional point temperature measurements based on the TFBGs core mode tracking. The resulted root-mean-square error in comparison to FBG array reference measurements is 7.8±1.7 °C. In general, the results show that the main reliable sensing modality of TFBG during LA is temperature monitoring, which can be significantly improved by the proposed algorithm.
Laser ablation , optical fiber sensors , refractive index sensing , temperature monitoring , thermal treatment , tilted fiber Bragg grating
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Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Milan, 20156, Italy
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation Laboratory-National Laboratory Astana, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Politecnico di Milano
Institute of Automation and Electrometry
Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation Laboratory-National Laboratory Astana
Nazarbayev University
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