Influenza A Viruses in the Swine Population: Ecology and Geographical Distribution
Klivleyeva N. Saktaganov N. Glebova T. Lukmanova G. Ongarbayeva N. Webby R.
November 2024Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Viruses
2024#16Issue 11
Despite the efforts of practical medicine and virology, influenza viruses remain the most important pathogens affecting human and animal health. Swine are exposed to infection with all types of influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. Influenza viruses have low pathogenicity for swine, but in the case of co-infection with other pathogens, the outcome can be much more serious, even fatal. Having a high zoonotic potential, swine play an important role in the ecology and spread of influenza to humans. In this study, we review the state of the scientific literature on the zoonotic spread of swine influenza A viruses among humans, their circulation in swine populations worldwide, reverse zoonosis from humans to swine, and their role in interspecies transmission. The analysis covers a long period to trace the ecology and evolutionary history of influenza A viruses in swine. The following databases were used to search the literature: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In this review, 314 papers are considered: n = 107 from Asia, n = 93 from the U.S., n = 86 from Europe, n = 20 from Africa, and n = 8 from Australia. According to the date of publication, they are conditionally divided into three groups: contemporary, released from 2011 to the present (n = 121); 2000–2010 (n = 108); and 1919–1999 (n = 85).
epizootiology , reassortment , swine influenza , transmission , zoonotic infection
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The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-3678, TN, United States
The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology
Department of Infectious Disease
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