Women’s Economic Empowerment in Kazakhstan: Institutional Trust, Economic Participation, and Sociocultural Barriers
Kireyeva A. Nurbatsin A. Gamidullaeva L.
4 June 2025Institute of Economic Sciences
Journal of Womens Entrepreneurship and Education
2025#2025Issue 1-2174 - 197 pp.
The paper explores institutional trust, womens participation in the economy and politics in both urban and rural areas of Kazakhstan, considering regional differences between these areas. The research is quantitative in its approach that combines both Latent Class Analysis (LCA), which explains latent attitudinal categories, with Change-Point Analysis to determine key turning points in Gender Inequality Index (GII) over a 16-year time series from 2008 to 2023. The study finds a high level of gender perspective disparity between urban and rural areas in Kazakhstan, in addition to essential changes in gender inequality levels. The results show that institutional trust plays a vital role in shaping womens participation in the economic sphere, with a lower level of trust correlated with a decrease in labor force involvement and career growth. In addition, two key turning points in gender development have also been identified in 2019 and 2022, which are linked with government reform as well as socioeconomic alterations.
economic participation , Gender , labor market , social attitudes , womens empowerment
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Institute of Economics of Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kenzhegali Sagadiyev University of International Business, Research Department, Almaty, Kazakhstan
University of Penza, Penza, Russian Federation
Institute of Economics of Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education RK
Kenzhegali Sagadiyev University of International Business
University of Penza
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