A highly efficient hybrid fiber optic laser using a cesium atom vapor cell as an optical gain medium
Kim S. Lee M. Song S. Hong S. Nilsson J. Oh K.
December 2025Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2025#15Issue 1
A new scheme of a highly efficient hybrid laser cavity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated utilizing a hot cesium (Cs) vapor cell as an optical gain medium. The laser cavity consists of a macroscopic concave reflector (> 99% reflectivity) and a 4% Fresnel-reflecting facet of a single mode fiber (SMF). The cesium gain cell is located between these two reflectors. The SMF serves multiple roles: (1) a passive mode-matching component to approximate the pump beam diameter to that of the laser cavity mode within the cesium cell, (2) an output coupler with a low reflectivity, and (3) a low loss laser delivery with a high beam-quality. Optimizing the pump beam waist diameter and the cesium vapor cell temperature, a high slope efficiency of 86% and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 71% were achieved in the pump power range of 400–600 mW. The unique multi-functional role of the SMF in the hybrid cavity is fully described, which can also be applied to other high optical gain media.
Alkali atom vapor , Atom laser , Fiber optics , Hybrid cavity , Laser efficiency
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Photonic Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 47 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay batyr Ave, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Photonic Device Physics Laboratory
Department of Physics
Optoelectronics Research Centre
Department of Physics
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