Robust Multiepitope Vaccine from Glycoproteins Against Human Metapneumovirus Genotypes A2a, A2b, and A2c by Utilizing Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches
Khatrawi E.M. Luqman Ali S. Ali S.Y. Abduldayeva A. Mugibel M.A.A.
1 June 2025Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Viral Immunology
2025#38Issue 5157 - 171 pp.
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a prominent respiratory pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, mostly in young teenagers, the old, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its clinical impact, no licensed vaccine is currently available, highlighting the urgent need for effective prophylactic strategies. This research aimed to design a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) targeting conserved and immunodominant regions of HMPV, leveraging immunoinformatics tools to ensure broad coverage and efficacy against the virus and its diverse sublineages. Glycoproteins from HMPV genotypes A2a, A2b, and A2c were analyzed to identify 18 highly antigenic and overlapping epitopes capable of eliciting robust B-cell, T-cell, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated immune responses. Toxicity and allergenicity studies confirmed the safety of particular epitopes, which were incorporated into two vaccine constructs using immunogenic linkers and adjuvants. The chimeric vaccines displayed high antigenicity, molecular stability, and nonallergenic properties. Structural refinement and Ramachandran plot analyses established the stability and accuracy of the 3D models. Molecular docking studies verified strong interactions with immune receptors, particularly toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8, and human leukocyte antigen molecules, indicating robust immune stimulation potential. Molecular dynamics simulations further validated the vaccine’s stability and interaction dynamics, with immune simulations predicting promising responses. The designed vaccine constructs were shown to be highly soluble, stable, and suitable for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, enabling further biochemical and immunoreactivity validation. These findings provide a foundation for next-generation vaccine development against HMPV, offering promising avenues for clinical application and future research. Copyright 2025, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
human metapneumovirus , immunoinformatics , molecular dynamics simulation , multiepitope vaccine , respiratory infections
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
Department of Pathology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
Department of Research Institute of Preventive Medicine, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Pathology
Department of Research Institute of Preventive Medicine
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026