Patterns of menstrual cycle, menstrual pain and medication usage in young women from high- and middle-income countries

Khan K.N. Ogawa K. Iwasa K. Kuroboshi H. Koshiba A. Okimura H. Kitawaki J. Mori T. Matsuoka T. Teramukai S. Horiguchi G. Itoh K. Sawa T. Matoba S. Fushiki S. Fujishita A. Nakashima M. Manabe E. Izumi M. Nasu K. Kai K. Aoyagi Y. Terauchi M. Iwahara Y. Aoki Y. Mekaru K. Harada T. Taniguchi F. Fukui A. Yamaya A. Wakimoto Y. Shibahara H. Ramasauskaite D. Silkunas M. Cerniauskaite M. Shaikenovna I.S. Bakytkhan K. Nurbolat Z. Guo S.-W. Senanayake H. Thi T.N. Tuan D. Anh N.D. Le M.T. Nguyen D.N. Nguyen Q.H.V. Hestiantoro A. Kemal A. Muharam R. Celik H.G. Oral E. Sahin N.H. Caliskan B.T. Kemahli M.N.C. Mutlu E.A. Preutthipan S. Sophonsritsuk A. Sroyraya M. Sansri V. Rungruang P. Mehdizadehkashi A. Chaichian S. Allahqoli L. Tahermanesh K. Matloobi M. Saadat R. Alborzi S. Poordast T. Wu M.-H. Tsai S.-J. Chen M.-J. Chowdhury S. Iqbal Anwar A.T.M. Abbasi S. Chowdhury S.B. Fazlur Rahman A.K.M.
August 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Reproductive BioMedicine Online
2024 #49 Issue 2

Research question: Do patterns of the menstrual cycle, menstrual pain and the use of medication for menstrual pain differ between young women from high-income countries (HIC) and middle-income countries (MIC)? Design: A multinational, multicentre, cross-sectional study using pen-and-paper questionnaires was conducted between 2016 and 2021 to assess patterns of the menstrual cycle, menstrual pain and the use of medication for menstrual pain. Various parameters were evaluated to identify high-risk factors for severe menstrual pain in women from two HIC (n = 1550) and nine MIC (n = 7139). Results: From a total of 9114 young women, 4920 medical students (HIC n = 696, MIC n = 4224) and 3769 nursing students (HIC n = 854, MIC n = 2915) were included in this study. Compared with those from HIC, a significantly higher proportion of medical and nursing students from MIC reported cyclic pain (83.9% and 86.8%, respectively) and acyclic pain (33.8% and 31.9%, respectively) (both P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that low body mass index and early onset of menarche were independent risk factors for severe cyclic/acyclic pain among women from HIC, and a family history of menstrual pain was a risk factor for severe cyclic/acyclic pain among women from HIC and MIC. Conclusions: Differential patterns of the menstrual cycle, menstrual pain and use of medication for menstrual pain were found between young women from HIC and MIC. A proper educational programme may be necessary for these women and healthcare providers to understand the consequences of intractable cyclic/acyclic pain, in order to facilitate early detection and timely management of menstrual pain and its negative consequences, such as endometriosis.

Endometriosis , High-income countries , Medication , Menstrual pain , Middle-income countries , Young women

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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Clinical and Translational Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Clinical and Translational Research Centre, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Centre for Quality Assurance in Research, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Gynaecology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Japan
Nursing School, Doshisha Womens College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
Department of Womens Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ryukyu University, Okinawa, Naha, Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Viet Nam
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Women Health and Diseases Nursing Department, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Van Özalp State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
Molecular Medicine Programme, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Endometriosis Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Department of Radiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Womens Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Bangladesh Hospital, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Anwar Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Nursing
Department of Biostatistics
Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology
Clinical and Translational Research Centre
Centre for Quality Assurance in Research
Department of Gynaecology
Nagasaki University School of Medicine
Nursing School
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Womens Health
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Women Health and Diseases Nursing Department
Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Anatomy
Department of Basic Medical Science
Molecular Medicine Programme
Endometriosis Research Centre
Department of Radiology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Physiology
Department of Obstetrics
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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