Microwave-assisted rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity
Kerimkulova A.Z. Kholiya F. Bhojani G. Nauryzova S.Z. Bolatkan D.K. Kukhareva A.D. Chatterjee S. Kabdrakhmanova A.K. Meena R. Kabdrakhmanova S.K.
December 2025Elsevier B.V.
Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects
2025#44
We report a straightforward, single-step microwave-enhanced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via an aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca . This study represents the first use of S. glauca leaf aqueous extract for AgNPs production. The microwave conditions reached their optimal point through ongoing monitoring of the maximum UV absorbance at 454 nm which shows the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The 454 nm absorption peak reached its highest intensity when AgNPs were made through a 70 °C reaction that lasted 3 min which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The three analytical methods of powder dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were used to verify AgNPs formation. TEM images showed spherical silver particles of 5–15 nm synthesized within 3 min via reduction of Ag+ (from AgNO3) by the leaf extract. The XRD results showed that the produced AgNPs contained crystalline structures which SAED confirmed through selected area electron diffraction. The phytochemical screening analysis showed that the extract comprises phenolic compounds which probably function as reducing agents for Ag+ ions. The antimicrobial testing revealed that the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated effective antibacterial properties compared toward different bacterial strains (eight) which included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Antibacterial , Microwave synthesis , Silver nanoparticles , Simarouba glauce
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Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
International R&D Center for Advanced Functional Materials and their Composites, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Gujarat, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
AcSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Gujarat, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
Department of Chemistry, Amanzholov University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
Scientific Research Institute “TrueScience”, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Education in Science and Mathmatics (DESM), National Counsil of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Sir Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, 110016, India
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
International R&D Center for Advanced Functional Materials and their Composites
Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division
AcSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
Department of Chemistry
Scientific Research Institute “TrueScience”
Department of Education in Science and Mathmatics (DESM)
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