Phytochemical Profiles and In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activities of Extracts Obtained from Limonium gmelinii Using Different Extraction Methods

Kassymova D. Zhusupova G. Ogay V. Zhussupova A. Katragunta K. Avula B. Khan I.A.
December 2023 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Plants
2023 #12 Issue 23

Limonium (L.) gmelinii is a valuable pharmacopoeial Kazakhstani plant. Several studies have reported on the various biological activities of the plant. The purpose of our research was to study and compare the extraction yields, immunomodulatory activities, and chemical compositions of extracts from the above-ground parts of L. gmelinii obtained via conventional extraction (CE; Extract 1) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE; Extract 2). The extracts were characterized by a considerable number of polyphenols and flavonoids: 378.1 ± 4.5 and 382.2 ± 3.3 GAE mg/g, and 90.22 ± 2.8 and 94.61 ± 1.9 QE mg/g in Extract 1 and Extract 2, respectively. Extract 2 had a slightly higher extraction yield (33.5 ± 2.4%) than Extract 1 (30.2 ± 1.6%). Liquid Chromatography–Diode-Array Detection–Electrospray Ionization–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) revealed the presence of 54 biologically active compounds in both extracts. It was shown that the studied extracts stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by intact mouse peritoneal macrophages and splenic lymphocytes, whilst they have an inhibitory effect on the secretion of these cytokines by activated immune cells. Both extracts demonstrated similar patterns of stimulation and inhibition in a splenocyte proliferation assay. Altogether, the L. gmelinii extracts obtained via CE and UAE might be suggested as effective immunomodulatory agents. The application of UAE for this purpose seems to be more efficient with a view of obtaining of a highly potent extract in a much shorter time.

conventional extraction , cytokines , ELISA , immunomodulatory activity , Limonium gmelinii , ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Highway 13/5, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, MS, United States

Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances
Stem Cell Laboratory
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
National Center for Natural Products Research

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026