Radon Exposure and Cancer Risk: Assessing Genetic and Protein Markers in Affected Populations
Kashkinbayev Y. Kazhiyakhmetova B. Altaeva N. Bakhtin M. Tarlykov P. Saifulina E. Aumalikova M. Ibrayeva D. Bolatov A.
May 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Biology
2025#14Issue 5
Radon is an inert gas produced by the radioactive decay of uranium-238, commonly found in the environment. Radon and its decay products are the main sources of human exposure to radiation from natural sources. When inhaled, radon’s alpha particles impact lung tissue, potentially causing lung cancer by damaging DNA and altering oxidative processes. This review article addresses the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic and molecular changes associated with radon-induced lung cancer, aiming to clarify key genetic mutations and protein markers linked to carcinogenesis. Particular attention in recent studies has been given to mutations in tumor suppressor genes (RASSF1, TP53), oncogenes (KRAS, EGFR), and changes in the expression levels of protein biomarkers associated with inflammation, stress, and apoptosis. Identifying these markers is critical for developing effective screening methods for radon-induced lung cancer, enabling timely identification of high-risk patients and supporting effective preventive strategies. Summarizing current genetic and protein biomarkers, this review highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to studying radon-induced carcinogenesis. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could ultimately improve early diagnostic methods and enhance therapy for cancers associated with radon exposure.
epigenetic changes , genes , lung cancer , protein markers , radon
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Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
National Center for the Biotechnology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
School of Medicine, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection
Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology Department
National Center for the Biotechnology
School of Medicine
School of Medicine
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