Ceramic sphere of the Golden Horde period
Kasenov M. Karamurzina A.
31 December 2024Margulan Institute of Archaeology
Kazakhstan Archeology
2024#26Issue 4251 - 259 pp.
The article addresses the use of ceramic spheres found in the cities of the Golden Horde. Ceramic spheres were presumably used for two purposes: (a) the preparation of chemical solutions; (b) the production of fireballs for military purposes. The city of Aktobe from the Golden Horde period is known in science under two names: Aktobe and Laeti. It is located on the outskirts of modern Atyrau. The city was destroyed in the early 14th century due to the rising level of the Caspian Sea and flooding caused by a sharp increase in the water level of the Ural River. The city of Saraychik from the Golden Horde period is located on the right bank of the Ural River, near the village of Saraychik (Makhambet District, Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan). From 1242 to 1280, the city belonged to the Golden Horde, then to the Nogai Horde, and from 1511 it became part of the Kazakh Khanate under Kasym Khan. In 1989, the first fragment of a ceramic core with a hole was discovered in the city of Aktobe (Laeti). Subsequently, in 1991 and 2019, two more intact ceramic spheres were found in the upper cultural layers of the settlement. In 2019, a ceramic ball was identified in the quarters of the Saraychik settlement. The ceramic spheres that continue to be discovered during excavations of Golden Horde cities indicate that medieval craftsmen produced not only clay vessels but also a variety of items for different purposes. However, there is still no complete information about their intended use and application.
ceramic sphere , chemical vessel , Golden Horde , Middle Ages , projectile , settlements
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Сandidate of Historical Sciences, Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Сandidate of Historical Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
Сandidate of Historical Sciences
Сandidate of Historical Sciences
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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026