Enhancing Cervical Cancer Screening: New Diagnostic Methodologies, Triage, and Risk Stratification in Prevention and Treatment
Kamzayeva N. Bapayeva G. Terzic M. Primbetov B. Imankulova B. Kim Y. Sultanova A. Kongrtay K. Kadroldinova N. Ukybassova T.
March 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Life
2025#15Issue 3
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established etiological factor in the development of precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the global prevalence, genotype distribution, and pathophysiological mechanisms of HPV infection, emphasizing regional epidemiological variations that influence prevention and treatment strategies. Particular attention is given to high-risk HPV genotypes, their role in carcinogenesis, and the impact of co-infections and the cervicovaginal microbiota on infection persistence and disease progression. Advances in diagnostic methodologies, including E6/E7 oncoprotein detection, DNA methylation, and microRNA-based assays, are examined in the context of improving screening accuracy and early detection. Furthermore, the review explores the psychological implications of HPV diagnosis and underscores the importance of integrating psychosocial support into clinical management. Given the challenges associated with screening coverage, the potential of self-sampling techniques, particularly in resource-limited settings, is discussed as a means to enhance accessibility and participation in cervical cancer prevention programs. By providing a comprehensive overview of these interrelated factors, this review highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates novel diagnostic strategies, targeted prevention efforts, and supportive care to mitigate the burden of HPV-associated diseases.
cervical cancer , diagnostic biomarkers , HPV , human papillomavirus , microbiota , persistent HPV infection , precancerous cervical lesions , screening , self-sampling
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Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, University Health Center, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health
Department of Surgery
Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine
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