ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINATION OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION WITH HEAVY METALS AS A RESULT OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Kakimzhanov Y.Kh. Kyrgyzbay K.T. Zhumatayev S.M. Bazarbayeva Т.A. Kunypiyaeva G.T.
January-February 2025National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2025#2025-January-FebruaryIssue 172 - 90 pp.
The study is devoted to the analysis of soil pollution in the West Kazakhstan region with heavy metals and hydrocarbons as a result of intensive activities of the oil and gas and mining industries. The main attention is paid to the determination of pollutant concentrations, their spatial distribution and the impact on ecosystems. It has been established that the region’s soils are long-term accumulators of man-made pollutants, including heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, nickel) and hydrocarbons. Key industrial zones of the region, such as Khromtau, Aktobe, Karachaganak field and oil refineries, have been selected as objects of study. Field and laboratory studies were carried out using generally accepted sampling methods (GOST 17.4.4.02-2017) and chemical analysis (atomic absorption spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis). Geostatistical data analysis was carried out using GIS technologies (ArcGIS), which made it possible to create spatial maps of the distribution of pollutants. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied soils exceed the maximum permissible values (MPC). For example, near large industrial facilities, the concentration of chromium reaches 7333.6 mg/kg, nickel – 2213.1 mg/kg, and arsenic – 19 mg/kg. It has been revealed that soil pollution is accompanied by a deterioration of their physico-chemical characteristics, a decrease in fertility and a threat to ecosystems. The problem is aggravated by the migration of toxic substances into reservoirs and their accumulation in biota, which poses a danger to public health. Monitoring methods, including chemical, bioindication, and geostatistical approaches, as well as innovative soil purification technologies such as bioremediation and the use of nanotechnology, are proposed to minimize environmental damage. The results of the study are important for the development of state programs for the restoration of polluted lands, reducing anthropogenic pressure and ensuring sustainable development of the region.
geostatistical analysis , GIS technologies , heavy metals , oil and gas and mining industries , soil pollution
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Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty region, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
K.I. Satbayev Kazakh National Research Technical University
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
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