Women seats in parliament or economic growth: What is more important for female employment in Kazakhstan?

Kabylkairatkyzy R. Kakizhanova T. Andabayeva G. Amirova A.
2025 Emerald Publishing

Review of Economics and Political Science
2025 1 - 12 pp.

Purpose – Women occupy a very important place in the Kazakh society. Since ancient times, women were known as « keepers of family hearth». And today, the role of women in society has increased. Women are actively involved in the social, economic and political spheres of the state. The study aims to determine how two important variables – GDP growth and Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments – contribute to female employment rate. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed methodology combined multinomial logistic regression analysis and sociological surveys, enabling a comprehensive examination of regional disparities in rural womens access to social and economic resources. Findings – The autoregressive distributed lag model authors used showed that both variables contribute to womens employment. The correlation matrix proved a significant relationship between cross-variables. The value of the Jarque-Bera showed that the series was evenly distributed. GDP growth has had a positive impact on the female employment rate in both the short and long term. Surprisingly, the proportion of seats held by women in national parliament has a negative effect in the short term. It has no effect in the long term. Originality/value – The studys findings show that economic growth does indeed impact employment growth among women. While the representation of women in parliament may be an indicator of gender policy in a country, the number of womens seats in parliament is not reflected in the growth of employment among women.

ARDL , Female employment , Gender equality , I25 , J16 , J20 , Kazakhstan , Women in parliament

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Department of Economics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Economics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Economics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Almaty Management University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Department of Economics
Department of Economics
Department of Economics
Almaty Management University

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