Application of In Vitro Techniques for Elimination of Plum Pox Virus (PPV) and Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (ACLSV) in Stone Fruits

Kabylbekova B. Nurseitova T. Yussupova Z. Turdiyev T. Kovalchuk I. Dolgikh S. Soltanbekov S. Seisenova A. Madenova A.
June 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Horticulturae
2025 #11 Issue 6

Viral infections in stone fruit crops cause substantial economic losses across all sectors of production. Despite their significance, viruses affecting stone fruits remain under-investigated in Kazakhstan. Among these, plum pox virus (PPV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), commonly known as Sharka, is the most critical viral pathogen worldwide, severely threatening the sustainable cultivation of stone fruits and posing risks to food security. This study aimed to evaluate virus management strategies in stone fruit crops to facilitate the production of healthy planting material from valuable genotypes. Field surveys were conducted in plum and apricot orchards located in the Almaty region (Southeast Kazakhstan) and the Saryagash region (Southern Kazakhstan). Plant samples were tested for the presence of the following viruses: apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple mosaic virus (ApMV), PPV, prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), and myrobalan latent ringspot virus (MLRSV). Real-time RT-PCR diagnostics confirmed the presence of PPV in the ‘Stanley’ and ‘Ansar’ cultivars and Prunus armeniaca genotypes, while both PPV and ACLSV were detected in the ‘Ayana’ variety. Chemotherapy (Ribavirin), thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and shoot apical meristem (SAM) culture, both individually and in combination, were used to eliminate viruses and regenerate virus-free plants. Successful virus eradication was achieved for PPV and ACLSV. However, the ‘Stanley’ and ‘Ansar’ cultivars did not survive the treatment process, likely due to high thermo- or cryo-sensitivity. As a result of this research, an in vitro collection of virus-free plants was established, comprising eight rootstocks, six plum cultivars, and three apricot genotypes.

apple chlorotic leafspot virus , apricot , chemotherapy , cryotherapy , plant viruses , plum , plum pox virus , ribavirin , shoot apical meristem (SAM) , thermotherapy , virus survey

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Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Microclonal Reproduction of Plants, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan

Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography
Laboratory of Microclonal Reproduction of Plants

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