Enhanced adsorption of Li+ ion on Zr-doped Li4Ti5O12 and Li2TiO3 oxides
Ivanets A. Bicheva E. Kouznetsova T. Silerio-Vázquez F.D.J. Torsykbayeva B. Hosseini-Bandegharaei A.
28 November 2025Elsevier B.V.
Separation and Purification Technology
2025#374
Zr4+-doping in Li2TiO3 (monoclinic) and Li4Ti5O12 (cubic spinel) frameworks was adopted to synthesize stable sorbents for Li+ ion recovery. Li2ZrxTi1-xO3 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) and Li1.33ZrxTi1.67-xO4 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) were synthesized via solid-phase synthesis and revealed high phase stabilities. In cubic spinel structure, Zr4+-substitution (Li1.33ZrxTi1.67-xO4) demonstrated phase purity up to x = 0.05, with lattice parameters stabilizing at 8.341–8.343 Å, whilst monoclinic Li2TiO3 framework showed structural integrity in all doping levels (9.029–9.033 Å). In the synthesis conditions used in this study, like calcination temperature, precursors mixtures, etc., textural qualities were enhanced by dopant and brought about a 70 % increase in specific surface area (17 m2/g) and mesopore volume (0.08 cm3/g) with H3-type hysteresis, crucial for ion diffusion. The optimal Li1.33Zr0.1Ti1.57O4 and Li2Zr0.02Ti0.98O3 displayed high lithium sorption capacities, 64.1 and 50.0 mg/g respectively, at pH 12.0. Regeneration tests demonstrated remarkable retention, and capacities were stabilized at 47.9 mg/g (spinel) and 38.4 mg/g (monoclinic), after 5 cycles. The stability was ingrained in Zr4+-induced cation ordering, which diminishes Ti4+/Zr4+ leaching and phase-degradation. Overall, in the studied Li+ ion sorbents, Zr4+-doping causes lattice expansion, enhances crystallochemical stability and prohibits structural collapse during regeneration. By increasing adsorbent lifetime and efficiency in lithium extraction, such a strategy advances sustainable resource recovery systems and lowers environmental concerns.
Li2TiO3 , Li4Ti5O12 , Li+ adsorption , Regeneration , Sustainable resource recovery , Zr4+-doped
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Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, C. P. 34220, Durango, Mexico
Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 602105, India
Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, 140417, India
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
CIIDIR-Unidad Durango
Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines
Faculty of Chemistry
Department of Sustainable Engineering
Centre of Research Impact and Outcome
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