An Analytical Study on the Stability Properties of Energy Consumption from Fossil Fuels: A Panel Stability Test and Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test Approach in the Context of BRICS Nations
Issayeva G. Zhussipova E.Y. Pazilov G.A.
25 June 2025Econjournals
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
2025#15Issue 41 - 10 pp.
This study examines the stationarity properties of fossil fuel energy consumption in BRICS countries-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-utilizing panel stationarity tests alongside the Zivot-Andrews unit root test. Conducted with annual data spanning from 1995 to 2023, the analysis first assesses cross-sectional dependence and investigates the interdependencies of energy consumption shocks across the nations. Following this, second-generation unit root tests are implemented based on the initial findings. The panel unit test results indicate that while oil and coal consumption exhibit stationary characteristics, natural gas consumption does not. Further country-specific analyses reveal the presence of structural breaks in fossil fuel consumption patterns. The findings suggest that the dynamics of energy consumption in BRICS countries are significantly influenced by economic transformations and policy shifts. This study highlights the necessity of accounting for structural breaks when assessing long-term trends in energy consumption and offers crucial insights for policymakers tasked with formulating sustainable energy policies.
BRICS , Environmental Sustainability , Fossil Resources , Panel Unit Root Tests , Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test
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Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026