Green Synthesis of SnO2/Carbon Composite Anode for Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries
Issatayev N. Kanatbekkyzy Y. Myrzakhan S. Mukanova A. Kalimuldina G. Nurpeissova A. Bakenov Z.
March 2026John Wiley and Sons Inc
Energy and Environmental Materials
2026#9Issue 2
Renewable energy is critical to building a sustainable society, but its true potential can only be unlocked by developing efficient, environmentally friendly energy storage systems. Advances in storage technologies, including cost-effective and green materials, are quickly becoming the cornerstone of sustainable energy solutions. The most effective battery technology available now is lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the sustainability of battery material production and the degradation of LIB functionality at subzero temperatures pose significant challenges, highlighting the urgent need for alternative and sustainable low-temperature (LT) electrode materials. To overcome these issues, a green synthesis approach is proposed to fabricate SnO2 nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of banana peel, while the leftover peel serves as a carbon precursor to produce a SnO2/hard carbon composite. The optimized SnO2/hard carbon (7:3) composite was used as the anode and showcased a remarkable reversible capacity of 1110 mAh g−1 at room temperature and retained about 660 mAh g−1 at −20 °C and 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, with a capacity of 383 mAh g−1 even at −30 °C. Stable cycling performance was achieved by the synergistic interaction of SnO2 and hard carbon, which improved lithium-ion diffusion and mitigated volume expansion. This eco-friendly and scalable approach shows great promise for developing high-performance anodes for the next generation of LT LIBs.
anode , green synthesis , lithium-ion battery , low-temperature , tin oxide nanoparticles
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Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
National Laboratory Astana, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Eurasian National University, Satpayev St. 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Institute of Batteries, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
National Laboratory Astana
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Batteries
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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