Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Kazakhstani Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case–Control Study

Issakhanova A. Issanov A. Ukybassova T. Kaldygulova L. Marat A. Imankulova B. Kamzayeva N. Almawi W.Y. Aimagambetova G.
January 2023 MDPI

Journal of Clinical Medicine
2023 #12 Issue 2

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with increased incidence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, and screening for these comorbidities following miscarriages is beneficial for women with RPL who are planning future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress among Kazakhstani women with RPL. Methods: This was a case–control study involving 70 women with confirmed RPL and 78 ethnically matched control women. Depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 instrument. Linear regression and correlation analysis were used in assessing the association of RPL with symptoms of depression, and/or anxiety, and/or stress, after adjusting for key covariates. Results: Women with RPL were found to have significantly higher mean scores for depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001) symptoms. Mild–moderate stress and mild–moderate and severe–extreme depression and anxiety symptoms were more frequent in the RPL group than in the control group. Regression analysis demonstrated that RPL was the only significant variable associated with anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that women with RPL are more likely to experience heightened symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Proper psychological counseling is recommended for women with RPL, as well as their spouses.

anxiety , depression , Kazakhstan , recurrent pregnancy loss , stress

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School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, Corporate Fund “University Medical Center”, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2, West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, 030012, Kazakhstan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Faculte’ des Sciences de Tunis, Universite’ de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 1068, Tunisia

School of Medicine
Department of Medicine
School of Population and Public Health
Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Faculte’ des Sciences de Tunis

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