Formaldehyde in the Cygnus-X region
Imanaly E. Esimbek J. Baan W. Wu G. Zhou J. Li D. Tang X. He Y. Komesh T. Zhou D. Tursun K. Ma Y. Berdikhan D. Sobolev A.M. Jandaolet Q.
1 September 2025Oxford University Press
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2025#542Issue 32074 - 2086 pp.
A new high-sensitivity survey of 6 cm H2CO (11,0–11,1) absorption and H110 α emission confirms the widespread molecular structures in the Cygnus-X region. High formaldehyde column densities identify regions with ongoing or new star formation activity, while the hydrogen recombination emission reveals past and evolved star formation regions. A novel method has been introduced to estimate the H2CO excitation temperature Tex of the Cygnus-X region using only the 6 cm transition that resulting in an updated map of the excitation temperature field. The excitation temperatures and the associated background temperatures in the Cygnus-North region confirm the star formation activity in Cygnus-North to be higher than in Cygnus-South. The H2CO absorption contours and the H110 α contours show some association with the 6 cm continuum structure and reveal a complex structure of current and past star formation regions. The formaldehyde line proves to be an excellent tracer of existing and future star formation regions.
ISM: clouds , stars: formation , submillimetre: ISM
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Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics, Urumqi, 830011, China
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, 7991 PD, Netherlands
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, Bonn, D-53121, Germany
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation
Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory
Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
Ural Federal University
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