Current stage of preclinical and clinical development of guggulsterone in cancers: Challenges and promises

Ijaz S. Iqbal J. Abbasi B.A. Tufail A. Yaseen T. Uddin S. Usman K. Ullah R. Bibi H. Inam P. Sagindykova E. Gürer E.S. Habtemariam S. Calina D. Sharifi-Rad J.
February 2024 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Cell Biology International
2024 #48 Issue 2 128 - 142 pp.

Throughout human history, the utilization of medicinal herbs has been recognized as a crucial defense against various ailments, including cancer. Natural products with potential anticancer properties, capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, have garnered substantial attention. One such agent under investigation is guggulsterone (GS), a phytosterol derived from the gum resin of the Commiphora mukul tree. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies elucidating the anticancer molecular mechanisms and molecular targets of GS, guiding future research and potential applications as an adjuvant drug in cancer therapy. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have explored the biological activities of the active ingredients in Commiphora mukul. Specifically, GS emerges as a potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic agent. The investigations delve into the impact of GS on constitutively activated survival pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling pathways. These pathways regulate antiapoptotic and proinflammatory genes, exerting control over growth and inflammatory responses. The findings highlight the potential of GS in disrupting survival pathways crucial for cancer cell viability. The inhibition of JAK/STAT, NF-kB, and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling pathways positions GS as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. The review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies, underscoring the multifaceted biological activities of GS in cancer prevention and treatment. To advance our understanding, future clinical and translational studies are imperative to determine effective doses in humans. Additionally, there is a need for the development of new pharmaceutical forms of GS to optimize therapeutic effects. This comprehensive review provides a foundation for ongoing research, offering insights into the potential of GS as a valuable addition to the armamentarium against cancer.

antitumor , apoptosis , Commiphora mukul , guggulsterone , pharmacology

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Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Charsadda, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Punjab, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Faculty of Science and Technology, The Caspian University of Technology and Engineering Named after Sh.Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador

Division of Science and Technology
Department of Botany
Department of Botany
Department of Plant Sciences
Faculty of Science and Technology
Department of Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Facultad de Medicina

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