Advances in magnesium-based non-PGM electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting
Hanan A. Lakhan M.N. Awan H.T.A. Walvekar R. Azat S. Khalid M.
23 January 2026Elsevier Ltd
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
2026#203
Electrochemical water splitting (EWS) offers a sustainable route for hydrogen (H2) production, yet its large-scale deployment remains constrained by its reliance on platinum (Pt) and iridium/ruthenium oxides (IrO2/RuO2), which are both scarce and expensive. Recent efforts to develop earth-abundant, non-PGM electrocatalysts have increasingly focused on magnesium (Mg) and Mg-based materials owing to their natural abundance, low cost, favorable electronic properties, and ability to form catalytically active alloys and composites. This review systematically explores the recent progress in the development of Mg- and Mg-based electrocatalysts for EWS, emphasizing their structural design, synthesis routes, crystallinity, morphology, and electrochemical performance. The underlying reaction mechanisms, critical parameters influencing catalytic activity, and current challenges associated with scalability and device integration are discussed. By consolidating recent developments and mechanistic insights, this review outlines rational design principles and prospective research directions for the development of next-generation, cost-effective, and durable Mg-based electrocatalysts for efficient H2 production.
Electrochemical water splitting , Hydrogen generation , Magnesium , Non-PGM electrocatalyst , Water oxidation
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Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 14040, India
Laboratory of engineering profile, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Faculty of Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India
Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST)
Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
Centre for Research Impact and Outcome
Laboratory of engineering profile
Materials and Manufacturing Research Group
Faculty of Engineering
University Centre for Research and Development
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