Interface and structural modulation stabilization strategies for layered transition metal oxide cathodes in sodium-ion batteries
Habib L. Suo G. Li J. Lin C. Luo X. Yang G. Kalkozova Z.K. Naseem K.
January 2026Elsevier B.V.
Energy Storage Materials
2026#84
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion systems, driven by the natural abundance of sodium resources. Among various cathode candidates, layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2) are particularly promising due to their high capacity and structural tunability. However, their practical application is severely hampered by complex bulk and interfacial instabilities. These include irreversible phase transitions, transition metal migration, lattice oxygen loss, and parasitic reactions with electrolytes and ambient air, which collectively compromise structural integrity and long-term cycling performance. This review systematically examines the mechanistic origins of these degradation pathways and provides a comprehensive overview of advanced stabilization strategies. Key approaches include bulk lattice engineering through multi-cation doping and the construction of strain-mediating intergrowth structures. Furthermore, we discuss surface functionalization using oxide and phosphate coatings to create protective barriers, alongside dual-modification schemes that synergistically couple bulk and surface regulation. In parallel, we explore emerging electrolyte optimization approaches, such as fluorinated solvents, low-solvation formulations, and CEI-forming additives, with a special emphasis on regulating interfacial chemistry at the inner Helmholtz plane to suppress oxidative decomposition. By integrating insights from lattice design, interface regulation, and electrolyte chemistry, this review establishes a unified framework for understanding degradation and provides clear guidance for the rational design of stable, high-energy layered oxide cathodes. This work aims to accelerate the development of next-generation sodium-ion batteries for large-scale, sustainable energy storage.
Electrolyte optimization , Interface stabilization strategies , Layered transition metal oxides , Sodium-ion batteries , Structural degradation
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Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China
Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials
Faculty of Physics and Technology
School of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026