The interplay involving oxidative stress and autophagy: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic opportunities
Gouda N.A. Zhakupova A. Abdelaal A.M. Ahmad F. Elkamhawy A.
September 2025Academic Press Inc.
Experimental and Molecular Pathology
2025#143
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are extremely reactive molecules produced during cellular metabolism, which play important roles in signaling and immune responses. Excessive ROS accumulation results in oxidative stress and cellular damage. As a result, autophagy (a cellular recycling process) is induced to overcome oxidative stress conditions by eliminating impaired cellular components. By selectively targeting and degrading dysfunctional mitochondria and peroxisomes through mitophagy and pexophagy, respectively, cells can effectively reduce ROS accumulation. Conversely, oxidative stress can disrupt autophagy, impairing protein aggregate clearance and thereby exacerbating ROS accumulation. In this review, we discuss the complex correlation between oxidative stress and autophagy, highlighting the mechanisms of regulation and their pathological implications. Additionally, we discuss the latest advances and challenges in developing autophagy-modulating therapies.
Autophagy , Mitophagy , Oxidative stress , Pexophagy , Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
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College of pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerei Zhanibek khandar st 5/1, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
College of pharmacy
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Zoology Department
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Chemistry
Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
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