Examining disparities in cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and incidence rates between urban and rural populations: insights from Kazakhstan

Glushkova N. Turdaliyeva B. Kulzhanov M. Karibayeva I.K. Kamaliev M. Smailova D. Zhamakurova A. Namazbayeva Z. Mukasheva G. Kuanyshkalieva A. Otyzbayeva N. Semenova Y. Jobalayeva B.
December 2023 Nature Research

Scientific Reports
2023 #13 Issue 1

Kazakhstan is experiencing a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the country has implemented a range of strategies aimed at controlling CVD. The study aims to conduct a content analysis of the policies implemented in the country and augment it with an analysis of official statistics over a 15-year period, from 2006 to 2020. The study also includes comparisons of incidence rates between urban and rural areas. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify policy documents that regulate the provision of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, official data on the incidence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease were extracted from official statistics, disaggregated by urban and rural areas. Forecast modeling was utilized to project disease incidences up to 2030. The study reveals that Kazakhstan primarily focuses on tertiary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, with less attention given to secondary prevention, and primary prevention is virtually non-existent. In general, screening for arterial hypertension appears to be more successful than for ischemic heart disease. The incidence of arterial hypertension has increased threefold for urban residents and 1.7-fold for rural residents. In urban areas, residents saw a twofold increase in ischemic heart disease incidence, while it remained the same in rural areas. The findings of this study have practical implications for decision-makers, who can use the results to enhance the effectiveness of existing CVD prevention strategies.

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Department of Epidemiology, Evidence-Based Medicine and Biostatistics, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, 050002, Kazakhstan
Department of Management in Healthcare and Pharmacy, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Department of Science and Consulting, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Department of Health Management, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Research Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Public Health, JSC “Semey Medical University”, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan

Department of Epidemiology
Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases
Department of Management in Healthcare and Pharmacy
Department of Science and Consulting
Department of Health Management
Research Department
Department of Postgraduate Education
School of Medicine
Department of Public Health

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