Acute Respiratory and Influenza Viruses Circulating in Kazakhstan During 2018–2024
Glebova T. Klivleyeva N. Baimukhametova A. Lukmanova G. Saktaganov N. Ongarbayeva N. Baimakhanova B. Kassymova G. Sagatova M. Rachimbayeva A. Zhanuzakova N. Naidenova T. Rakhmonova N. Webby R.
May 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Pathogens
2025#14Issue 5
Respiratory tract infections cause serious morbidity and mortality and are a major public health problem. The objective of our study was detection of the prevalence of viral respiratory diseases in the territory of Kazakhstan during the epidemic period of 2018–2024. The presence of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The level of specific antibodies in the blood serum was determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In rtRT-PCR, patients were diagnosed with non-influenza viral respiratory tract infections as well as influenza viruses A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B. Antibodies were detected against A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B viruses and with simultaneous detection of both viruses. The circulation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses belonging to the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 clade was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. According to the results, in the period 2018–2024, the spread of influenza A and B viruses and non-influenza respiratory tract infections was observed. The data of this study confirm the role of known causative agents of epidemic infection and indicate the need to continue monitoring their spread in Kazakhstan, which may add to the general quality of the health system.
antigen , diagnosis , influenza , respiratory infection , virus
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The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Zhambyl Regional Multidisciplinary Center of Oncology and Surgery, Health Department of the Akimat of Zhambyl Region, Taraz, 080003, Kazakhstan
The East Kazakhstan Regional Branch of National Center for Expertise, 17 Independence Avenue, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070003, Kazakhstan
The Almaty Branch of National Center for Expertise, 3 Zhibek Zholy Avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 146 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Regional Clinical Hospital of the Health Department of the Karaganda Region, 10 A Nursultan Nazarbayev Avenue, Karaganda, 100000, Kazakhstan
LLP “Regional Consultative and Diagnostic Medical Center Sadykhan”, 64 Tole bi Avenue, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-3678, TN, United States
The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology
Zhambyl Regional Multidisciplinary Center of Oncology and Surgery
The East Kazakhstan Regional Branch of National Center for Expertise
The Almaty Branch of National Center for Expertise
Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery
Regional Clinical Hospital of the Health Department of the Karaganda Region
LLP “Regional Consultative and Diagnostic Medical Center Sadykhan”
Department of Infectious Diseases
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