Changes in body composition: the role of interleukins and adipokines (literature review)
Изменения композиционного состава тела: роль интерлейкинов и адипокинов
Gizatullina R.R. Gafuryanova E.M. Zhamankulova D.G. Tyurin A.V.
27 October 2025Meditsina-Inform LLC
Russian Medical Inquiry
2025#9Issue 10726 - 734 pp.
This comprehensive review presents a detailed analysis of the roles played by various interleukins (IL), specifically IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1β, alongside a suite of adipokines — including leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, visfatin, nesfatin-1, and resolving — in regulating body composition. The focus is placed on the molecular mechanisms that dictate the dynamic equilibrium between adipose, muscle, and bone tissues, which is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances affecting these tissues. The analysis critically highlights the following dichotomy in action: anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) predominantly exert an anabolic effect, promoting gains in muscle mass and bone mineral density while simultaneously suppressing adipogenesis, whereas, in sharp contrast, proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1eta) primarily activate catabolic pathways, culminating in the development of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and visceral obesity. Furthermore, adiponectin and nesfatin-1 contribute to the normalization of the body composition profile, while leptin and resistin are implicated in its disruption. It is crucial to note that the effects of both interleukins and adipokines are variable and contingent upon a multitude of influencing factors. These accumulated data underscore the critical importance of cytokine regulation in maintaining tissue homeostasis. They simultaneously open novel avenues for developing individual treatment tactics aimed at correcting metabolic disorders linked to altered body composition. These findings are highly relevant for designing new therapeutic approaches for obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, where a deeper grasp of cytokine regulatory mechanisms promises more effective treatments. The research specifically aims to analyze available literature concerning the impact of adipokines and interleukins on changes in body composition.
adipokines , body composition , interleukins , obesity , osteopenia , sarcopenia
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Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Bashkir State Medical University, 3, Lenin str., Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
Department of Internal Medicine, M. Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University, 68, Mareseva str, Aktobe, 030019, Kazakhstan
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychology
Department of Internal Medicine
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