Urinary Protein Profiling for Potential Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

Gaipov A. Makhammajanov Z. Dauyey Z. Markhametova Z. Mussina K. Nogaibayeva A. Kozina L. Auganova D. Tarlykov P. Bukasov R. Utegulov Z. Turebekov D. Soler M.J. Ortiz A. Kanbay M.
November 2022 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Diagnostics
2022 #12 Issue 11

Proteinuria is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and associated complications. However, there is insufficient information on individual protein components in urine and the severity of CKD. We aimed to investigate urinary proteomics and its association with proteinuria and kidney function in early-stage CKD and in healthy individuals. A 24 h urine sample of 42 individuals (21-CKD and 21-healthy individuals) was used for mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. An exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) was calculated for each protein. Data were analyzed by Mascot software using the SwissProt database and bioinformatics tools. Overall, 298 unique proteins were identified in the cohort; of them, 250 proteins belong to the control group with median (IQR) emPAI 39.1 (19–53) and 142 proteins belong to the CKD group with median (IQR) emPAI 67.8 (49–117). The level of 24 h proteinuria positively correlated with emPAI (r = 0.390, p = 0.011). The emPAI of some urinary proteomics had close positive (ALBU, ZA2G, IGKC) and negative (OSTP, CD59, UROM, KNG1, RNAS1, CD44, AMBP) correlations (r < 0.419, p < 0.001) with 24 h proteinuria levels. Additionally, a few proteins (VTDB, AACT, A1AG2, VTNC, and CD44) significantly correlated with kidney function. In this proteomics study, several urinary proteins correlated with proteinuria and kidney function. Pathway analysis identified subpathways potentially related to early proteinuric CKD, allowing the design of prospective studies that explore their response to therapy and their relationship to long-term outcomes.

biomarkers , chronic kidney disease , proteinuria , urinary proteomics

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Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF “University Medical Center, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Education, LLP BBNura, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, National Scientific Medical Center, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Physics, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Internal Medicine, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Nephrology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey

Department of Medicine
Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Education
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics
Department of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Physics
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Nephrology
Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Group
Department of Medicine
Division of Nephrology

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