Taxonomy and dated molecular phylogeny of Allium oreophilum sensu lato (A. subg. Porphyroprason) uncover a surprising number of cryptic taxa

Friesen N. Lazkov G. Levichev I.G. Leweke M. Abdildanov D. Turdumatova N. Murtazaliev R. Dzumanov S. Sitpayeva G.T. Vesselova P. Epiktetov V. Ertuğrul K. Tugay O. Fritsch R.M.
October 2025 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Taxon
2025 #74 Issue 5 1035 - 1053 pp.

Allium oreophilum, hitherto the representative of the monotypic A. subg. Porphyroprason from the second evolutionary lineage of Allium, is studied in detail. Over about 150 years, A. oreophilum was regarded as a somewhat polymorphous species with two synonyms, all described in the 19th century. A detailed molecular analysis (ITS and three chloroplast DNA regions: trnQ-rps16 and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers, rps16 intron) of altogether 33 living samples and herbarium specimens showed, however, that the previously described species A. oreophilum, A. ostrowskianum and A. platystemon must be considered good species, and two additional taxa must be newly described. All these taxa are morphologically compared, and an identification key is provided. Three species were karyologically investigated, possessing 2n = 16 chromosomes but showing different karyotypes. A dated phylogeny based on the ITS mutation rate revealed that A. subg. Porphyroprason and subg. Vvedenskya diversified into two sister groups around 21.52 million years ago, in the early Miocene. The possible biogeographic scenario of the origin of A. subg. Porphyroprason, subg. Vvedenskya and other subgenera is presented. A morphological comparison of specimens available from different cultures showed an astonishing variation of characters, and other unidentified taxa of this subgenus likely exist in nature.

Allium aksuzhabagliense sp. nov. , Allium kujukense , Allium ostrowskianum , Allium platystemon s.str. , Allium platystemon var. longitepalum var. nov. , biogeography , phylogeny

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Botanical Garden, University of Osnabrück, Albrechtstrasse 29, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
Institute of Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan
Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan
Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professora Popova Str. 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Committee of Forestry and Wildlife belongs to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 480070, Kazakhstan
Caspian Institute Biological Resources of the Dagestan Scientific Centre RAS, M. Gadjiev Street 45, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000, Russian Federation
Aksu-Zhabagly National Reserve, Fabrichnaya kesheci 31, Zhabagly, 161310, Kazakhstan
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 42130 Selçuklu-Konya, Turkey
Selcuk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 42130 Selçuklu-Konya, Turkey
Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany

Botanical Garden
Institute of Biology
Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia
Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Committee of Forestry and Wildlife belongs to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Caspian Institute Biological Resources of the Dagestan Scientific Centre RAS
Aksu-Zhabagly National Reserve
Selcuk University
Selcuk University
Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)

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