Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia

Fereidouni M. Apanaskevich D.A. Pecor D.B. Pshenichnaya N.Y. Abuova G.N. Tishkova F.H. Bumburidi Y. Zeng X. Kuhn J.H. Keshtkar-Jahromi M.
April 2023 KeAi Communications Co.

Virologica Sinica
2023 #38 Issue 2 171 - 183 pp.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is endemic in Africa, Asia, and Europe, but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions. Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia. Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach, we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases, anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence, and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks. We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions. Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases (2,026). In Eastern Asia, China was the only country that reported CCHF cases (287). In South-eastern Asia, no cases were reported. Next, we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels. Six countries (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’ surveillance systems. Two countries (Mongolia and Myanmar) were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases. Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks. Collectively, this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.

Asia , Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever , Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus , Hyalomma , Tick

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Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (دانشگاه; علوم پزشكي خدمات بهداشتی درمانی جهرم), Fars Province, Jahrom, 74148-46199, Iran
U.S. National Tick Collection, The James H. Oliver Jr. Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, 30458, GA, United States
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (Зоологический институт Российской академии наук), St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, 20746-2863, MD, United States
One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии), Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
South Kazakhstan Medical Academy (Оңтүстік Қазақстан медицина академиясы), Shymkent, 160016, Kazakhstan
Tajik Science and Research Institute of Preventive Medicine (Институти илмй-тадкикотии тибби профилактикии Тоцикистон), Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
Central Asian Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702, MD, United States
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702, MD, United States
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, United States

Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (دانشگاه; علوم پزشكي خدمات بهداشتی درمانی جهرم)
U.S. National Tick Collection
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (Зоологический институт Российской академии наук)
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit
One Health Branch
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии)
South Kazakhstan Medical Academy (Оңтүстік Қазақстан медицина академиясы)
Tajik Science and Research Institute of Preventive Medicine (Институти илмй-тадкикотии тибби профилактикии Тоцикистон)
Central Asian Office
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick
Division of Infectious Diseases

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