Sonotopes reveal dynamic spatio-temporal patterns in a rural landscape of Northern Italy
Farina A. Mullet T.C. Bazarbayeva T.A. Tazhibayeva T. Polyakova S. Li P.
2023Frontiers Media SA
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2023#11
A sonotope is characterized as a sonic patch that forms a hierarchical link between a finer, local scaled acoustic community and the coarser landscape scaled sonoscape. Unfortunately, the concept of sonotopes has yet to be empirically supported. We tested the hypothesis that a spatially explicit sample of sonic information from a heterogeneous landscape would exhibit spatially unique sonotopes with distinct spatio-temporal patterns and acoustic communities. We used the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACItf) to analyze sonic information (WAV) gathered from an array of 10 sound recorders deployed within a lattice of 10, 4-ha hexagonal sample sites distributed evenly throughout a 48-ha undivided heterogeneous landscape in Northern Italy. We examined the temporal patterns of sonic activity (ACItf) between seasons (March – July and August – November 2021) and across five astronomical periods of a 24-h day (Night I, Morning Twilight, Day, Evening Twilight, and Night II). We used cluster analyses to identify sonotopes from groupings of similar ACItf values for each sample site and visualized the spatial arrangements of sonotopes throughout our study area between seasons and among astronomical periods. Sonic activity from bird biophonies increased in March – July during the Day but in August – November greater sonic activity shifted to crepuscular and nocturnal periods with the biophonies from crickets. Sonotopes exhibited spatially unique, dynamic arrangements of patch size and placement depending on the season and astronomical period. We discuss how acoustic communities and continuous geophonies play a role in the arrangement of sonotopes and their relation to the sonoscape. Copyright
acoustic community , ecoacoustics , Italy , sonoscape , sonotope , soundscape , soundtope
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Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
Kenai Fjords National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Seward, AK, United States
UNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences
Kenai Fjords National Park
UNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders
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