The emergence and diversification of dog morphology

Evin A. Ameen C. Brassard C. Dennis S. Antipina E.E. Bonhomme V. Boudadi-Maligne M. Britton K. Cano F.G. Carden R.F. Claude J. Colominas L. Curth S. Fedorov S.E. Frances J. Kalthoff D.C. Kitchener A.C. Knecht R. Kosintsev P. Linderholm A. Losey R. Merts I. Merts V. Mostadius M. Omura M. Onar V. Outram A.K. Peters J. Rehazek A. Rosengren E. Sablin M. Sciulli P. Seguí M. Tseng Z.J. Usmanova E. Varfolomeev V. Crockford S. Kuzmin Y. Frantz L. Dobney K. Larson G.
13 November 2025 American Association for the Advancement of Science

Science
2025 #390 Issue 6774 741 - 744 pp.

Dogs exhibit an exceptional range of morphological diversity as a result of their long-term association with humans. Attempts to identify when dog morphological variation began to expand have been constrained by the limited number of Pleistocene specimens, the fragmentary nature of remains, and difficulties in distinguishing early dogs from wolves on the basis of skeletal morphology. In this study, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to analyze the size and shape of 643 canid crania spanning the past 50,000 years. our analyses show that a distinctive dog morphology first appeared at about 11,000 calibrated years before present, and substantial phenotypic diversity already existed in early Holocene dogs. Thus, this variation emerged many millennia before the intense human-mediated selection shaping modern dog breeds beginning in the 19th century. Copyright

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
UMR 7179 MECADEV (Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
VetAgro Sup Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Athéna, Roquedur, France
CNRS, Bordeaux University, UMR5199 PACEA, Bordeaux, France
Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Deparmento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Danu Ruadh Teoranta, Cavan, Ireland
Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Tarragona, Spain
Aquazoo Löbbecke Museum, Düsseldorf, Germany
Mammoth Museum, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Ural Federal University, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Toraighyrov University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
The Biological Museum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Milas Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muğla, Milas, Turkey
Bavarian Natural History Collections, State Collection of Palaeoanatomy Munich (SPM), Munich, Germany
Institute of Palaeoanatomy Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Historical Museum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States
Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda Buketov University, Kazakhstan
Margulan Archaeological Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Khalikov Archaeological Institute, Kazan, Russian Federation
Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Pacific Identifications Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGM SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy Domestication Research the History of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

ISEM
Department of Archaeology and History
UMR 7179 MECADEV (Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution)
VetAgro Sup Lyon
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences
Institute of Archaeology
Athéna
CNRS
Department of Archaeology
Deparmento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
School of Archaeology
Danu Ruadh Teoranta
Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica
Aquazoo Löbbecke Museum
Mammoth Museum
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Department of Zoology
Department of Natural Sciences
School of Geosciences
Ural Federal University
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology
Centre for Palaeogenetics
Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network
Department of Anthropology
Toraighyrov University
The Biological Museum
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Bavarian Natural History Collections
Institute of Palaeoanatomy Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine
Naturhistorisches Museum Bern
Historical Museum
Zoological Institute
Department of Anthropology
Departament de Prehistòria
University of California
American Museum of Natural History
Saryarka Archaeological Institute
Margulan Archaeological Institute
Khalikov Archaeological Institute
Karaganda Buketov University
Pacific Identifications Inc.
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch
Palaeogenomics Group
Department of Archaeology

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026