GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS OF RIVER TERRACES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Espolov T.I. Rau A.G. Вalgabayev N.N. Zhaparkulova E.D. Mosiej J.
2022National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2022#3Issue 45389 - 100 pp.
The geological structure of the Syrdarya river basin of the Shardara irrigation system river terraces, where the studies were carried out, consists of Quaternary alluvial sediments, the upper layer of which is represented by loams and sandy loams up to 3 m., and the lower layer is by sandy deposits. The soils are alluvial light gray and desert-gray soils with a high content of coarse dust (0.05-0.01 mm) and fine sand (0.1-0.5 mm), porosity is 48-52%, bulk density is 1.2-1.3 g/cm3, specific gravity constitutes 2.6-2.67 g/cm3, while humus is 1.1% (Kolomenskij, 1968). Due to irrigation the arable and subarable soil layers are compacted and bulk density increases to 1.5-1.6 g/cm3, and porosity decreases by 10%. The compacted arable layer of the soil in a state of difficult aeration causes restoration processes and oxygen deficiency in the soil, consequently, the nutritional regime deteriorates. To preserve and restore soil properties, and increase its fertility, alfalfa crop rotations should be increased. 50% of Alfalfa in cotton crop rotations enriches the soil with organic matter up to 12 t/ha, destroys the compacted soil layer, reduces the bulk density from 1.5–1.6 g/cm3 to 1.3–1.4 g/cm3, and increases the porosity by 5-8%. Field studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on four peasant farms, with 63%, 54%, 50.3%, 37.5% of cotton crops and 37%, 46%, 49.3%, 46.5% of alfalfa. The highest yield of cotton and alfalfa, 26.6 and 131 centners per hectare correspondingly, was obtained in Ali-Myrza farm, where the structure of sown areas for cotton and alfalfa constitute 50.3% and 49.7% respectively. The profit from cotton was 511,914 tenge/ha, and from alfalfa is 250,840 tenge/ ha, while in other farms these figures are lower by 10-26%. The results of the study can be scaled upfor cotton crop rotation on the area of 220 thousand hectares of irrigation systems.
energy efficiency , geology , irrigation systems , soil cover , soil fertility , sub-irrigation
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Kazakh National Agrarian Research University NCJSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Water Economy LLP, Taraz, 3, Kazakhstan
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University NCJSC
Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Water Economy LLP
Warsaw University of Life Sciences
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