Einstein clusters as dark matter fluid-like models for constructing new wormhole solutions in f(R,Lm,T) gravity


Errehymy A. Khedif Y. Daoud M. Myrzakulov K. Abdel-Aty A.-H. Nisar K.S.
July 2025Elsevier B.V.

Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
2025#47

This study explores traversable wormholes in f(R,Lm,T) gravity, which modifies traditional gravity by integrating the matter Lagrangian and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We define this modification as f(R,Lm,T)=R+λLm+χT, where λ and χ are coupling constants. Focusing on Lm=−ρ, where ρ represents the energy density and a constant redshift function νˆ(r), we investigate the properties and gravitational lensing of Einstein clusters, formed by weakly interacting massive particles as dark matter halos. These clusters exhibit tangential pressure dominance, characterized by an equation of state where the tangential pressure Pt is proportional to the energy density ρ (i.e., Pt=σρ, where σ is a constant), which can adjust anisotropy to model galactic rotation curves effectively. We derive the shape function under the influence of Einstein clusters and analyze the null energy conditions effect on matter distribution in anisotropic fluids. The stability of the resulting wormhole solutions is confirmed via the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff formalism. Our analysis of photon deflection along null geodesics shows that for σ in the range [0,0.25], the deflection angle is negative, causing photons to bend outward. In contrast, for σ in the range [−0.25,0], the angles are positive, indicating that light rays curve inward toward the wormhole throat.



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Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
Center for Theoretical Physics, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Str., Baku, AZ1096, Azerbaijan
Laboratory of High Energy and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II, P.O. Box 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, 20100, Morocco
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, P.O. Box 133, Kenitra, 14000, Morocco
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Miramare, Trieste, 34151, Italy
Department of General and Theoretical Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

Astrophysics Research Centre
Center for Theoretical Physics
Laboratory of High Energy and Condensed Matter Physics
Department of Physics
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Department of General and Theoretical Physics
Department of Physics
Department of Mathematics

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