Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics: Boltzmann’s versus planck’s state definitions and counting
Enders P.
July 2021MDPI AG
Entropy
2021#23Issue 7
During the physical foundation of his radiation formula in his December 1900 talk and subsequent 1901 article, Planck refers to Boltzmann’s 1877 combinatorial‐probabilistic treatment and obtains his quantum distribution function, while Boltzmann did not. For this, Boltzmann’s memoirs are usually ascribed to classical statistical mechanics. Agreeing with Bach, it is shown that Boltzmann’s 1868 and 1877 calculations can lead to a Planckian distribution function, where those of 1868 are even closer to Planck than that of 1877. Boltzmann’s and Planck’s calculations are compared based on Bach’s three‐level scheme ‘configuration–occupation–occupancy’. Special attention is paid to the concepts of interchangeability and the indistinguishability of particles and states. In contrast to Bach, the level of exposition is most elementary. I hope to make Boltzmann’s work better known in English and to remove misunderstandings in the literature.
Bose–Einstein statistics , Complexion , Configuration number , Indistinguishability , Interchangeability , Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics , Microstate , Occupancy number , Occupation number , Planck distribution
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Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics, Kazakh National Pedagogical Abai University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Ahornallee 11, Koenigs Wusterhausen, D‐15712, Germany
Institute of Physics
Ahornallee 11
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
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