Comparison of Forest Laws According to Sustainable Forest Management Criteria: The Example of Türkiye, Lithuania, Poland, Kazakhstan, Iran
Elvan O.D. Uyar Ç. Perkumienė D. Baimuratkyzy Umbetbayeva Z. Afrand Sorkhani H.R. Czakowska M. Velioğlu N. Škėma M. Aleinikovas M. Beriozovas O.
January 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Forests
2026#17Issue 1
Sustainability constitutes a strategic priority not only at the level of practical implementation but also within the framework of legal regulations and policy-making processes. Within the scope of this study, the forest-related legal frameworks of selected countries from Asia and Europe have been examined. To ensure consistency and objectivity in the analysis, a set of evaluation criteria was established, with particular attention paid to their international recognition and legitimacy. In this context, the criteria developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization and Forest Europe were adopted. Based on these internationally accepted standards, the forest legislation of the selected countries was assessed and analyzed using the EFLD (Environmental and Forest Law Department) scoring methodology to determine the extent to which sustainability is integrated into their legal systems. Six criteria were defined and evaluated separately for each country based on the overall average. It was concluded that Türkiye and Kazakhstan’s forest legislation aligns with sustainability criteria compared to other countries’ legislation, Lithuania and Iran’s forest legislation is close to the overall average, and Poland’s forest legislation requires more explicit and progressive provisions in terms of sustainability.
Asia , comparative law , Environmental and Forest Law Department scoring criteria , Europe , legal regulations , policy making , sustainable forestry
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Department of Environmental and Forest Law, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University—Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, 34473, Turkey
Department of Forestry, Vocational School of Forestry, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34473, Turkey
Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kedainiu District, Akademija, 58344, Lithuania
Department of Civil Law, Civil Procedure and Labor Law, Faculty of Law, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Forest and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 999067, Iran
Faculty of Legal, Social and Humanities Sciences, Kujawy and Pomorze University in Bydgoszcz, ul. Toruńska 55-57, Bydgoszcz, 85-023, Poland
Department of Environmental and Forest Law
Department of Forestry
Institute of Forestry
Department of Civil Law
Department of Forest and Forest Economics
Faculty of Legal
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