Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artemisia terrae-albae Extracts and Evaluation of Their Cytogenotoxic Effects
Dyusebaeva M. Berillo D. Yesbussinova Z. Ibragimova N. Shepilov D. Sydykbayeva S. Almabekova A. Chinibayeva N. Adeloye A.O. Berganayeva G.
August 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2025#26Issue 15
The development of non-toxic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for medical and other diverse applications is steadily increasing. However, this study specifically aims to determine the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs synthesized via a green chemistry approach using aqueous-ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemisia terrae-albae. The photophysical, morphological, and size distribution characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs are analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A modified Allium cepa assay is employed to evaluate biological responses, including root growth, root number, and mitotic index. In this assay, the cell cycles of onion bulbs are synchronized and pre-incubated at 4 °C for 72 h prior to treatment. This study reveals that the AgNPs synthesized from the ethanol extract exhibit notable stability and higher cytotoxicity activity, with a root length of 0.6 ± 0.13 cm, root number of 16 ± 6.88, and mitotic index of 25.0 ± 2.6. These values are significantly more cytogenotoxic than those observed for the ethyl-acetate-derived nanoparticles, which show a root length of 0.8 ± 0.17 cm, root number of 18 ± 6.27, and mitotic index of 36 ± 3.6. These findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs as effective cytotoxic agents, especially those obtained from ethanol extract, possibly due to a greater influence of the quantity of diverse phenolic compounds present in the complex mixtures than in the ethyl acetate extract, which otherwise enhanced their morphology, shape, and size. These, overall, contributed to the biological activity.
Artemisia terrae-albae , cytogenotoxicity , natural products , scanning electron microscopy , silver nanoparticles , transmission electron microscopy , ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
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Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, A15E3B4, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Center of Agro Competence, M. Kozybayev North-Kazakhstan University, Pushkin 86T01P7Y3, Petropavlovsk, 150000, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Kazakh-German University (DKU), A26C7F8, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Zhetysu University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, 040009, Kazakhstan
School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, A35B8H9, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Department of Chemistry, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, A05H1Y7, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Center of Agro Competence
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies
Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences
School of Pharmacy
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography
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