Predictive stochastic modeling of mechanically alloyed particle size and shape


Dwivedi A.P. Iranmanesh E. Sofokleous K. Drakonakis V. Hamed Mashhadzadeh A. Dehaghani M.Z. Golman B. Spitas C. Doumanidis C.C.
18 June 2025Royal Society of Chemistry

RSC Advances
2025#15Issue 2620682 - 20694 pp.

Mechanical alloying of bimetallic materials by ball milling produces particulate products where, aside from internal structure, the size and shape of particles is of importance for various applications. This article introduces real-time modeling tools for the particle species demographics of size and aspect ratio, their dynamic evolution and dependence on processing conditions. Its highlight is a simple, analytical stochastic model of external particle features based on statistical formulations of impact energetics, friction and plastic deformation effects, as well as bonding and fracture transformations of the particles during the process. The model is calibrated and validated experimentally by measurements on laboratory micrographs and literature data in low- and high-energy ball milling of Al-Ni powders at different molar ratios. Its size and shape predictions offer insights to population growth of particles through mechanical alloying phenomena for material design and optimization and process observation for real-time feedback control.



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Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
AMDM Composites, Nicosia, Cyprus
Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
AMDM Composites, Nicosia, Cyprus
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan

Mechanical Engineering and Robotics
School of Electronic and Computer Engineering
AMDM Composites
Institute for Materials and Processes
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
AMDM Composites
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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