Effect of photodynamic therapy on the expression of toll-like receptor 2, -3, -4, and -8 in the cervical lesions
Dushkin A. Maxim A. Oxana S. Stanislav A. Tatyana G. Polina K. Avagyan A. Dushkina I. Biryukova E. Khangeldi A. Karaulov A.
January/February 2026John Wiley and Sons Inc
Photochemistry and Photobiology
2026#102Issue 1141 - 153 pp.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment with low systemic toxicity and immunomodulatory effects, increasingly applied in managing HPV-associated cervical lesions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical in regulating immune responses in cervical pathology, yet their dynamics under PDT remain underexplored. This study investigates the effect of PDT on TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 expression in cervical epithelial cells ex vivo, considering lesion severity. The results reveal that TLR8 exhibited the most significant reduction across all groups 2 h after PDT, with the strongest suppression in patients with invasive cervical cancer. TLR4 expression decreased by 24% in HPV-infected patients and by 71% in those with cervical cancer, highlighting its potential role in modulating the inflammatory microenvironment post-PDT. TLR3 showed hyperexpression in LSIL and suppression in HSIL/CIN III, although changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). TLR2 expression remained unchanged, likely due to HPV type variability. These findings demonstrate that PDT effectively reduces hyperexpression of TLR8, TLR4, and TLR3 in early-stage cervical cancer, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Further research incorporating HPV typing and advanced techniques like liquid biopsy is essential to refine our understanding of TLRs in PDT for HPV-associated cervical lesions.
cervical cancer , human papillomavirus , photodynamic therapy , squamous intraepithelial lesion , toll-like receptors
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Moscow City Hospital 52, Moscow, Russian Federation
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Moscow City Hospital 67, Moscow, Russian Federation
NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, Kazakhstan
Moscow City Hospital 52
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology
First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg
Moscow City Hospital 67
NJSC “Astana Medical University”
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