MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF COFFEE WASTE TO PRODUCE POROUS CARBON MATERIALS AND THEIR USE IN SILICON-CARBON ANODES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

КЕУЕКТІ КӨМІРТЕКТІ МАТЕРИАЛДАРДЫ АЛУ ҮШІН КОФЕ ҚАЛДЫҚТАРЫН МИКРОТОЛҚЫНДЫ ӨҢДЕУ ЖӘНЕ ОЛАРДЫ ЛИТИЙ-ИОНДЫ АККУМУЛЯТОРЛАРДЫҢ КРЕМНИЙ-КӨМІРТЕКТІ АНОДТАРЫНДА ҚОЛДАНУ
МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ОБРАБОТКА КОФЕЙНЫХ ОТХОДОВ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРИСТЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В КРЕМНИЙ-УГЛЕРОДНЫХ АНОДАХ ЛИТИЙ-ИОННЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРОВ
Duisenbek A. Beissenova E. Beissenov R. Askaruly K.
2025 Kazakh-British Technical University

Herald of the Kazakh British Technical UNiversity
2025 #22 Issue 1 318 - 329 pp.

This paper presents the synthesis of a composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries consisting of graphene-like carbon obtained from coffee waste and silicon. The carbon material was synthesized by microwave carbonation and physical activation using CO₂. This method yields a porous structure with an exceptional specific surface area of 1300 m²/g after physical activation. Such a porous structure is crucial for efficient lithium-ion adsorption, high charge transfer, and improved overall battery performance. The morphology and structure of the material were analyzed using SEM and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of highly porous graphene-like carbon. The electrochemical characteristic demonstrated a specific capacity of 350 mAh/g for 160 cycles, indicating excellent long-term stability. Coulomb efficiency remained at 98–100%, demonstrating high reversibility of electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has revealed a moderate 550 ohm charge transfer resistance for the composite material, which highlights the efficient electron transfer between the material and the electrolyte. These results highlight the potential of microwave carbonation and physical activation of CO₂ to produce high-performance, cost-effective anode materials, paving the way for their application in next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

coffee waste , composite , energy storage , graphene-like carbon , physical activation , silicon

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KazNRTU named after K.I. Satbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Combustion Problems, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
G. Daukeev Almaty University of Energy and Communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan

KazNRTU named after K.I. Satbayev
Institute of Combustion Problems
Kazakh-British Technical University
G. Daukeev Almaty University of Energy and Communications

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