Features of the growth and development of rice plants during aerobic cultivation

Doszhanova A. Ospanbayev Z. Abildayev Y. Myrzabaeva G. Sembayeva A. Kurmangaliyeva N. Murzabaev B. Bekbauov M.
July 2025 University of Guilan

Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
2025 #23 Issue 3 691 - 697 pp.

Addressing food security amid climate change and limited water resources has made sustainable rice cultivation increasingly important, especially in semi-arid regions like Kazakhstan’s Balkhash area. In 2024, a comprehensive field experiment was carried out to assess rice growth and development under aerobic cultivation, using a factorial design with three replications. The study evaluated three irrigation methods (traditional flooding, drip, and sprinkler), two planting layouts (conventional 15 cm spacing and wider 60 × 30 cm strips), three planting dates (April 10, May 1, and May 20), seven rice varieties (both local Kazakh and imported), and three weed control approaches (mechanical, chemical, and integrated). Drip irrigation demonstrated the highest water use efficiency (WUE_p = 0.71 kg m^-³), reducing water consumption by 41% compared to flooding. While overall yields with drip irrigation were 12% lower than with traditional flooding, certain native cultivars (Aq Marjan and Sir Soloi) experienced a comparatively modest 7% yield reduction. These varieties exhibited deeper root systems (42.3 cm) and greater lateral root density (11.2 cm cm^-³). The May 20 planting date produced the highest yield (5.9 tons ha^-1), likely due to avoidance of early-season cold stress. Integrated weed control reduced weed biomass by 78%. These findings underscore the potential of aerobic rice cultivation, particularly when appropriate varieties and management practices are employed. The approach can achieve up to 50% water savings without significant yield loss, supporting the viability of sustainable rice production in Kazakhstan’s water-limited environments.

Aerobic rice cultivation , Cultivar adaptation , Kazakhstan , Sustainable agriculture , Water use efficiency

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Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abay st. 8, Almaty, 050043, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Yerlepesova st. 1, Almalybak, 040909, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh. Zhiembayeva, Kultobe st. 1, Almaty, 050070, Kazakhstan
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan Research University, Тauke khan st. 5, Shymkent, 160012, Kazakhstan

Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh. Zhiembayeva
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan Research University

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