Research of Prescription Map-based Variable Rate Fertilization System for Rice and Wheat with Spatio-temporal Coupling Compensation Method

基于时空耦合补偿的处方图式稻麦变量施肥系统研究
Ding Y. Qi B. Wang Y. Deng Y. Amantayev M. Zhang W.
December 2025 Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery

Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
2025 #56 Issue 12 279-288 and 300 pp.

Aiming to address the issues of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by uniform fertilization in traditional methods, as well as the inadequate adaptability of existing variable-rate fertilization systemslag compensation approaches, a prescription map-based variable-rate fertilization system for rice and wheat featuring spatio-temporal coupling compensation function was designed. The system employed an STM32F407 chip and CAN bus architecture for the control unit and central processor. Integrated with ArcMap GIS platform, it proposed a digital prescription map generation method based on agronomic expert decisions. The developed human-machine interface software supported GPS message reception/parsing, prescription map loading, and high-efficiency retrieval. Innovatively, a spatio-temporally coupled calibration model for fertilizer application adjustment was established through dynamic outlet positioning modeling and lag time self-learning algorithm, enabling automatic field calibration and dynamic compensation of system response time. Bench tests demonstrated that the self-learning algorithm achieved over 90.5% accuracy across working speeds (4~8 km/h) and fertilization gradients (0~450 kg/hm², 0~750 kg/hm², 450~750 kg/hm²). Field trials showed that with spatio-temporal calibration enabled, the average fertilization accuracy reached 97.4% within 50-meter segments-an 8.0 percentage points improvement over non-calibrated status-while maintaining only 2.5 percentage points accuracy fluctuation at 8 km/h. This system provided a high-precision, low-cost intelligent solution for variable-rate fertilization in rice/wheat cultivation, offering technical support for Chinas national policy of reducing fertilizer use while increasing efficiency.

ArcMap , control system , prescription map , spatio-temporal coupling compensation , variable rate fertilization for rice and wheat

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Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210014, China
Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan

Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization
Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University

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