Deep insights into kinetics, optimization and thermodynamic estimates of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution onto coffee husk (Coffee arabica) activated carbon
Deivasigamani P. Senthil Kumar P. Sundaraman S. Soosai M.R. Renita A.A. M K. Bektenov N. Baigenzhenov O. D V. Kumar J A.
1 November 2023Academic Press Inc.
Environmental Research
2023#236
In the current study, an attempt was made to synthesize coffee husk (CH) activated carbon by chemical modification approach (sulphuric acid-activated CH (SACH) activated carbon) and was used as a valuable and economical sorbent for plausible remediation of Methylene blue (MB) dye. Batch mode trials were carried out by carefully varying the batch experimental variables: SACH activated carbon (SACH AC) dosage, pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and contact time. The optimum equilibrium time for adsorption by SACH activated carbon was obtained as 60 min, and the maximum adsorption took place at 30 °C. Morphological and elemental composition, crystallinity behaviour, functional groups, and thermal stability were examined using SEM with EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA, and DTA and these tests showed successful production of activated carbon. The outcomes showed that chemical activation enhanced the number of pores and roughness which possibly maximized the adsorptive potential of coffee husk. The Box-Benken design (BBD) was used to optimize the MB dye adsorption studies and 99.48% MB dye removed at SACH AC dosage of 4.83 g/L at 30 °C for 60 min and pH 8.12, and the maximum adsorption was yielded for sulphuric acid-activated coffee husk carbon carbon with 88.1 mg/g maximum MB adsorption capacity. Langmuir- Freundlich model deliberately provided a better fit to the equilibrium data. The SACH AC-MB dye system kinetics showed a high goodness-of-fit with pseudo second order model, compared to other studied models. Change in Gibbss free energy (ΔGo) of the system indicated spontaneity whereas low entropy value (ΔSo) suggested that the removal of MB dye on the SACH activated carbon was an enthalpy-driven process. The exothermic nature of the sorption cycle was affirmed by the negative enthalpy value (ΔHo). The adsorptive-desorptive studies reveal that SACH AC could be restored with the maximum adsorption efficiency being conserved after the fifth cycles. Overall, the outcomes revealed that sulphuric acid-activated coffee husk activated carbon (SACH AC) can be used as prompt alternative for low-cost sorbent for treating dye-laden synthetic wastewaters.
Adsorption , Equilibrium , Kinetics , MB dye , Thermodynamics , Waste coffee husk
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu, Chennai, 600119, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, Chennai, 603110, India
Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
JSC «Institute of Chemical Sciences named after A.B. Bekturov», Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Tamilnadu, Chennai, 602105, India
Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, Kalavakkam, 603110, India
School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
Department of Chemical Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography
JSC «Institute of Chemical Sciences named after A.B. Bekturov»
Department of Metallurgical Engineering
Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering
Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR)
School of Engineering
Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology
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