Examining the role of magnetic fields in plasma behavior and surface evolution of a Mg alloy with varied irradiances in a femtosecond laser treatment
Dawood A. Khan M.A. Bashir S. Ayub A. Hayat A. Sanderson J.H. Chishti N.A.
1 May 2024Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)
Applied Optics
2024#63Issue 133585 - 3599 pp.
This paper reports the effect of a magnetic field on plasma parameters and surface structuring of the Mg alloy after laser irradiation. Femtosecond pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system (800 nm, 35 fs, 1 KHz) are employed as the source of irradiation at various irradiances ranging from 0.011 PW/cm2 to 0.117 PW/cm2 to generate ablated Mg-alloy plasma. A transvers magnetic field (TMF) of strength 1.1 Tesla is employed to confine laser generated Mg plasma. All the measurements are performed with and without TMF. The two plasma parameters, i.e., excitation temperature (Texc) and electron number density (ne) of Mg plasma, have been evaluated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis. It is observed that the values of Texc and ne of laser produced plasma (LPP) of the Mg alloy are higher in the presence of a magnetic field as compared to the field free case. Both show initially an increasing trend with increasing laser irradiance and after attaining their respective maxima a decreasing trend is observed with the further increase of irradiance. The magnetic confinement validity is confirmed by analytically evaluating thermal beta (βt), directional beta (βd), confinement radius (Rb), and diffusion time (td) for LPP of the Mg alloy. To correlate the LPP parameters of the Mg alloy with surface modifications a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis is performed. It was revealed that structures like laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), agglomerates, islands, large sized bumps, along with channels and multiple ablative layers are observed. Distinct and well-defined surface structuring is observed in the presence of TMF as compared to the field free case. It is concluded that by applying an external magnetic field during laser irradiation, controlled material surface structuring is possible for fabrication of nanogratings and field emitters where spatial uniformity is critically important.
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Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
Department of Physics, National Excellence Institute (University), Islamabad, 04524, Pakistan
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, 81100, Italy
Department of Physics, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP)
Department of Physics
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Department of Physics
Department of Mathematics and Physics
Department of Physics
Air University
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