Synergistic bulk-surface engineering via cobalt phthalocyanine modulation for high-performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel cathode materials


Cui S. Dong F. Lin C. Duan M. Li M. Belgibayeva A. Majid A. Jin Y.
28 January 2026Elsevier Ltd

Composites Part B: Engineering
2026#310

High-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel cathodes offer high energy density and cost efficiency for next-generation lithium-ion batteries but suffer from structural degradation and interfacial side reactions. This study addresses these challenges through a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) modification strategy that synergistically integrates bulk doping and surface coating. By neutralizing residual surface alkali and optimizing calcination processes, Co3+ ions are selectively doped into Mn4+ sites to expand lattice parameters, while an in-situ-formed Co3O4 nanocoating chemically passivates the surface, suppressing Mn dissolution and promoting stable CEI formation. The optimized LNMO-5 wt% CoPc (using CoPc content is 5 wt%) cathode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical stability, retaining 81.4 % capacity after 700 cycles at 1C and delivering 95.2 mAh g−1 at 20C over 1000 cycles. It also exhibits superior temperature-adaptability with 68.1 mAh g−1 capacity at 5C/-15 °C and 68.3 % capacity retention at 40 °C after 300 cycles at 1C. This work establishes a “bulk-surface” co-optimized framework to resolve the inherent stability-rate trade-off in spinel cathodes, advancing the development of long-term high-power lithium-ion batteries.

CoPc , Lattice doping , Neutralizing residual surface alkali , Surface coating

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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, 266100, China
National Laboratory Astana, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Physics, H. H. Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

School of Materials Science and Engineering
National Laboratory Astana
Department of Physics

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