Does dark energy really revive using DESI 2024 data

Carloni Y. Luongo O. Muccino M.
1 February 2025 American Physical Society

Physical Review D
2025 #111 Issue 2

We investigate the impact of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 data on dark energy scenarios. We thus analyze three typologies of models, the first in which the cosmic speedup is related to thermodynamics and the second associated with Taylor expansions of the barotropic factor, whereas the third is based on ad hoc dark energy parametrizations. In this respect, we first work at the background, inferring a posteriori kinematic quantities associated with each model. Afterward, we obtain early-time predictions, computing departures on the growth evolution with respect to the model that better fits DESI data. We find that - depending on the combination of catalogs hereby considered, but independently from whether a debated data point placed at z=0.51 is removed or not - the best model to fit data is not the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization but rather a more complicated log-corrected dark energy contribution or the ΛCDM model, indicating that the possible tension between the concordance paradigm and the CPL model can be severely alleviated. We conclude that future data points will be essential to clarify whether dynamical dark energy is really in tension with the ΛCDM model.

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Università di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, 62032, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy
SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, 13502, NY, United States
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi avenue 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
ICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10, Pescara, 65122, Italy

Università di Camerino
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
SUNY Polytechnic Institute
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
ICRANet

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