Thermosetting Resins Based on Poly(Ethylene Glycol Fumarate) and Acrylic Acid: Rheological and Thermal Analysis
Burkeyeva G. Kovaleva A. Ibrayeva Z. Havlicek D. Minayeva Y. Omasheva A. Zhakupbekova E. Nurmaganbetova M.
October 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Molecules
2025#30Issue 19
The rheological behavior and low-temperature curing kinetics of poly(ethylene glycol fumarate)–acrylic acid systems initiated by benzoyl peroxide/N,N-dimethylaniline have been investigated for the first time with a focus on the development of thermosetting binders with controllable properties. It has been established that both composition and temperature have a significant effect on rheological behavior and kinetic parameters. Rheological studies revealed non-Newtonian flow behavior and thixotropic properties, while oscillatory tests demonstrated structural transformations during curing. Increasing the temperature was found to accelerate gelation, whereas a higher polyester content retarded the process, which is crucial for controlling the pot life of the reactive mixture. DSC analysis indicated that isothermal curing at 30–40 °C can be satisfactorily described by the Kamal autocatalytic model, whereas at 20 °C, at later stages, and at higher polyester contents, diffusion control becomes significant. The thermal behavior of cured systems was investigated using thermogravimetry. Calculations using the isoconversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman methods confirmed an increase in the apparent activation energy for thermal decomposition, suggesting a stabilizing effect of poly(ethylene glycol fumarate) in the polymer structure. The studied systems are characterized by controllable kinetics, tunable viscosity, and high thermal stability, making them promising thermosetting binders for applications in composites, construction, paints and coatings, and adhesives.
acrylic acid , activation energy , curing , DSC , kinetics , rheological behavior , TGA , thermostability , thixotropy , unsaturated polyesters
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The Department of Organic Chemistry and Polymers, Chemistry Faculty, Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda, 100024, Kazakhstan
The Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov, 2030, 128 40, Czech Republic
The Department of Organic Chemistry and Polymers
The Department of Inorganic Chemistry
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