Lessons for Kazakhstan from International Practice in the Regulation of Gambling

Lições para o Cazaquistão a partir da prática internacional na regulação do jogo
Buribayev Y. Khamzina Z. Turlykhankyzy K.
18 July 2025 Universidade Portucalense

Revista Juridica Portucalense
2025 #1 Issue 38 507 - 536 pp.

Since 2007, Kazakhstan has modernised gambling regulation; amendments in 2023-2025 tightened market access, taxation, and player protection. Objective: assess alignment with international good practice and derive evidence-informed options. Methods: mixed-methods-doctrinal analysis of Kazakhstani and foreign law plus a panel (2019-2025) on market size, tax receipts, enforcement, and harm-reduction coverage. Results: the legal market expanded; enforcement against illegal operators intensified (more website and payment blocking, fewer illegal-gambling cases); player protection scaled up (debt-registry restrictions, self-exclusion); tax policy shifted towards GGR-based models (gross gambling revenue/yield). International evidence links balanced GGR taxation, strict advertising restrictions, robust self-exclusion, and coordinated website/payment blocking to improved channelisation and harm reduction. Conclusions: a mix of competitive GGR-based taxation, comprehensive player protection, strong enforcement, and systematic monitoring aligns with public-interest objectives. Policy implications: rationalise taxation; extend and unify self-exclusion with data-protection safeguards; strengthen inter-agency coordination; implement data-driven monitoring/evaluation; enhance public-interest communication. Limitations: observational design and short post-reform window; relationships are correlational, not causal. Copyright (c) 2025 Yermek BURIBAYEV, Zhanna KHAMZINA, Kuralay TURLYKHANKYZY. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

channelisation , comparative public policy , gambling regulation , harm reduction , Kazakhstan

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Department of Law, Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan

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