Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among 6- to 9-year-old children in 24 countries from the World Health Organization European region

Buoncristiano M. Williams J. Simmonds P. Nurk E. Ahrens W. Nardone P. Rito A.I. Rutter H. Bergh I.H. Starc G. Jonsson K.R. Spinelli A. Vandevijvere S. Mäki P. Milanović S.M. Salanave B. Yardim M.S. Hejgaard T. Fijałkowska A. Abdrakhmanova S. Abdurrahmonova Z. Duleva V. Farrugia SantAngelo V. García-Solano M. Gualtieri A. Gutiérrez-González E. Huidumac-Petrescu C. Hyska J. Kelleher C.C. Kujundžić E. Peterkova V. Petrauskiene A. Pudule I. Sacchini E. Shengelia L. Tanrygulyyeva M. Taxová Braunerová R. Usupova Z. Maruszczak K. Ostojic S.M. Spiroski I. Stojisavljević D. Wickramasinghe K. Breda J.
November 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Obesity Reviews
2021 #22 Issue S6

Childhood overweight and obesity have significant short- and long-term negative impacts on childrens health and well-being. These challenges are unequally distributed according to socioeconomic status (SES); however, previous studies have often lacked standardized and objectively measured data across national contexts to assess these differences. This study provides a cross-sectional picture of the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity, based on data from 123,487 children aged 6–9 years in 24 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Overall, associations were found between overweight/obesity and the three SES indicators used (parental education, parental employment status, and family-perceived wealth). Our results showed an inverse relationship between the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and parental education in high-income countries, whereas the opposite relationship was observed in most of the middle-income countries. The same applied to family-perceived wealth, although parental employment status appeared to be less associated with overweight and obesity or not associated at all. This paper highlights the need for close attention to context when designing interventions, as the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity varies by country economic development. Population-based interventions have an important role to play, but policies that target specific SES groups are also needed to address inequalities.

children , obesity , overweight , socioeconomic status

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World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Department of Health and Inequality, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyle, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Departement of Non-Communicable Diseases and Traumatisms, Santé publique France, the French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Health Promotion and Inequality, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Science and Professional Development, National Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstans Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Republican Centre for Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Department Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
Primary Child Health Unit, Primary Health Care, Floriana, Malta
Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Madrid, Spain
Health Authority, Ministry of Health, San Marino, San Marino
National Center for Health Assessment and Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Center for Health Ecology, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
Maternal, Child and Reproductive Health, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
Faculty of Medicine, SS. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
Department of Nutrition Research
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department
Department of Social and Policy Sciences
Department of Health and Inequality
Faculty of Sport
Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyle
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
Public Health and Welfare
Croatian Institute of Public Health
School of Medicine
Departement of Non-Communicable Diseases and Traumatisms
Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN)
Faculty of Medicine
Health Promotion and Inequality
Department of Cardiology
Department of Science and Professional Development
Kazakhstan School of Public Health
Republican Centre for Nutrition
Department Food and Nutrition
Primary Child Health Unit
Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
Health Authority
National Center for Health Assessment and Promotion
Nutrition and Food Safety Sector
College of Health and Agricultural Sciences
Center for Health Ecology
Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology
Department of Preventive Medicine
Department of Research and Health Statistics
Maternal
Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health
Obesity Management Centre
Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication
Department of Pediatrics
Biomedical Sciences Department
Institute of Public Health
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska

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